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  Fakes as Objects of Tax Control

  Counterfeits are those results from an act or omission that is false, fraudulent or forged like the existing product. They contain foreign traits (characteristics) that create the illusion of a quality product at a higher cost or price, respectively. Counterfeits are of interest for tax control due to the fact that they generate profit. Tax control shall be established reality of profit, which serves as the basis for the calculation of tax liabilities, and the opportunities for manipulation of ... Counterfeits are those results from an act or omission that is false, fraudulent or forged like the existing product. They contain foreign traits (characteristics) that create the illusion of a quality product at a higher cost or price, respectively. Counterfeits are of interest for tax control due to the fact that they generate profit. Tax control shall be established reality of profit, which serves as the basis for the calculation of tax liabilities, and the opportunities for manipulation of revenue and expenditure variables. Due to the wide variety of fakes, in this article false documents created in relation to counterfeit goods will be highlighted. Types of document crimes have been structured and their number compared (including sanctioned offenders) with the counterfeit goods and accompanying forged documents.

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  Aspects of the Forged Documents in the Tax Process

  In modern times documentation applies for various purposes in public life. All the facts and circumstances relevant to the tax process can be proved on the basis of the document. Development of technologies of communication leads to a change in the way of fixing, storage, handling and use of data. Varied are the opportunities for manipulation of the information contained in the documents that are relevant for taxation of taxpayers. This requires the controls to be directed as to the nature and ... In modern times documentation applies for various purposes in public life. All the facts and circumstances relevant to the tax process can be proved on the basis of the document. Development of technologies of communication leads to a change in the way of fixing, storage, handling and use of data. Varied are the opportunities for manipulation of the information contained in the documents that are relevant for taxation of taxpayers. This requires the controls to be directed as to the nature and content of the documents and to the specifics of forged documents. To curb tax evasion it is appropriate to define the prerequisites and conditions that are conducive to improper documentation. Revenue authorities have a duty to identify the specific dimensions of the consequences of a criminal creation, use, concealment or destruction of documents. The article discusses the possibilities for control of counterfeit documents as shall be established: the nature of the document, its contents and characteristics of forged documents involved in the tax process.

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  The New Philosophy Of Basel III

  The study discusses the major objectives of the Basel III reform package as a philosophy of the new capital accord. It emphasizes the improvement of the capital framework in five main aspects: strengthening the quality, consistency and transparency of the capital base; risk coverage improvement; supplementing the risk-based capital requirement with the leverage ratio; reduction of procyclicity of the counter-cyclical buffers; solution to the issues with the system risk and interconnectedness. ... The study discusses the major objectives of the Basel III reform package as a philosophy of the new capital accord. It emphasizes the improvement of the capital framework in five main aspects: strengthening the quality, consistency and transparency of the capital base; risk coverage improvement; supplementing the risk-based capital requirement with the leverage ratio; reduction of procyclicity of the counter-cyclical buffers; solution to the issues with the system risk and interconnectedness. The introduction of a global standard for liquidity is presented as another significant aspect in the Basel III package. The paper analyses the question to what extent the Bulgarian banking system is prepared for the new more rigid capital requirements.